# NERO Chain Documentation

> Developer documentation for NERO Chain — a Layer-1 blockchain with native account abstraction, paymaster-based gas sponsorship, and Web2-friendly onboarding.

This llms.txt indexes documentation pages for AI agents. Full markdown is at /llms-full.txt. OpenAPI for the Paymaster JSON-RPC API is at /specs/paymaster-openapi.yaml. The NERO Docs MCP server is at https://docs-mcp.nerochain.io.

## Getting Started

- [NERO Chain: What, Why, and How for Developers](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/getting-started/introduction.md): Fundamentally scalable, flexible, and with enhanced user experience in mind, NERO Chain is a Layer 1 modular blockchain fit for developers. NERO Chain distinguishes itself by native account abstractio
- [Key Features for Developers](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/getting-started/key-features.md): This section provides a high-level overview of NERO Chain's key features that make it an ideal platform for developers. Knowing these characteristics will enable you to fully use NERO Chain for develo
- [The Architecture of a dApp](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/getting-started/nero-dapp-architecture.md): Understanding NERO Chain's architecture helps us see how its unique features can be leveraged to build innovative applications with new user experiences. This overview explains how the various compone

## White Paper

- [Overview](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/core-concepts.md): Since the introduction of Bitcoin, blockchain technology and the concept of decentralization have progressively gained popularity. Ethereum, with its smart contracts, opened the door to nearly limitle
- [Access Layer: Native Account Abstraction](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/core-concepts/architecture/accessLayer.md): The Access Layer, with native account abstraction, functions as the gateway for users to engage with the blockchain network. This layer facilitates various user activities, including account creation,
- [Layers](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/core-concepts/architecture/architecture.md): Flexibility and scalability are the primary considerations in NERO's architectural design. In terms of flexibility, NERO introduces the Access Layer to handle user interactions with the blockchain, pr
- [Data Availability Layer: Storage Scalability](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/core-concepts/architecture/dataAvailabilityLayer.md): In order to conserve valuable storage capacity within the settlement layer, NERO designed the data availability layer to offer dependable on-chain storage for Rollup. This eliminates the reliance on e
- [Settlement layer: High-performance EVM-compatible Chain](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/core-concepts/architecture/settlementLayer.md): The execution layer is key to NERO’s scalability. NERO is optimized by transferring resource-intensive transaction processing from the on-chain environment to the off-chain, while retaining the on-cha
- [Consensus](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/core-concepts/consensus-mechanism/overview.md): Consensus is the core component of a blockchain, and NERO employs a hybrid randomized DPoSA (Delegated Proof of Staked Authority) protocol. This consensus protocol, grounded in DPoSA consensus, integr
- [Pipelined Consensus](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/core-concepts/consensus-mechanism/pipelinedConsensus.md): In traditional blockchain systems such as Ethereum, the block generation process consists of several steps:
- [Random Number Generation](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/core-concepts/consensus-mechanism/randomNumberGeneration.md): > ⚠️ **Note:** This feature is planned but not currently implemented. Validator selection is currently deterministic.
- [Fraud-Proof](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/core-concepts/data-availability/dataAvailabilityVerification/fraudProof.md): The random sampling method mentioned above ensures that there are sufficient fragments within the network to recover the corresponding blocks, thus ensuring data availability. However, it does not gua
- [Data availability verification](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/core-concepts/data-availability/dataAvailabilityVerification/overview.md): In terms of verification, we define the following roles of DA nodes in the DA layer of NERO: * **Common DA nodes.** Common DA nodes store the whole block of their sharding DA chain like full nodes and
- [Random Sampling](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/core-concepts/data-availability/dataAvailabilityVerification/randomSampling.md): The DA block contains a header and body. The header is relatively small and can be downloaded and checked directly, whereas the body is much bigger, which is the one needed to be sampled randomly to v
- [Model and Assumptions](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/core-concepts/data-availability/modelAndAssumptions.md): * **Topology:** Nodes are interconnected via a P2P network. * **Maximum network delay:** The network's maximum delay is denoted as $D$. If an honest node receives specific data in the network at time 
- [Data availability](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/core-concepts/data-availability/overview.md): Data availability is also the key component of NERO, which is quite critical for rollups. In NERO, we designed a new type of chain and transaction, especially for data availability as an independent l
- [Transaction Fees and Incentives](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/core-concepts/data-availability/transactionFeesAndIncentives.md): Figure 6: Data availability layer transaction format
- [Fee-sharing Mechanism in Ecosystem](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/core-concepts/fee-sharing/Overview.md): > ⚠️ **Note:** The automatic fee-sharing mechanism described here is a future feature and is not yet active in the current mainnet/testnet. Currently, there is a Fee sharing mechanism as a off-chain a
- [Flexible Gas Mechanism](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/core-concepts/native-account-abstraction/flexibleGasMechanism.md): NERO developed a module called Paymaster, which is responsible for managing the payment of transaction fees associated with user operations on the blockchain. As part of the account abstraction model,
- [Key Components](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/core-concepts/native-account-abstraction/keyComponents.md): Account abstraction redefines the way user accounts are managed and interacted with on the blockchain. By abstracting account management into smart contracts, account abstraction enables greater flexi
- [MPC-TSS Technology Integration](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/core-concepts/native-account-abstraction/MpcTssTechnologyIntegration.md): NERO employs a cutting-edge technology known as MPC-TSS(Multi-Party Computation with Threshold Secret Sharing) to enhance the security and control of EOAs(Externally Owned Accounts). MPC-TSS represent
- [Native Account Abstraction Support](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/core-concepts/native-account-abstraction/nativeAccountAbstractionSupport.md): Account abstraction is a concept within blockchain technology that aims to provide flexible management of user accounts based on smart contracts. Traditionally, in blockchain networks, user accounts a
- [References](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/core-concepts/references.md): 1. M. Al-Bassam, A. Sonnino, and V. Buterin, "Fraud proofs: Maximising light client security and scaling blockchains with dishonest majorities," *CoRR*, vol. abs/1809.09044, 2018.

## Developer Tools

- [Developer Tools & Account Abstraction](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/developer-tools.md): Explore NERO's suite of developer tools and learn about our advanced account abstraction capabilities.
- [AA Platform: Managing Your Account Abstraction Services](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/developer-tools/aa-platform.md): The NERO Chain AA Platform is a powerful web-based dashboard that allows developers to manage their Account Abstraction services, create API keys, configure gas sponsorship strategies, and monitor usa
- [Paymaster API](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/developer-tools/paymaster-api.md): By letting developers use gas abstraction in their dApps, the NERO Chain Paymaster API lets users pay gas costs using ERC20 tokens or have transactions sponsored totally. This guide addresses recommen
- [UserOpSDK: Account Abstraction SDK](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/developer-tools/user-op-sdk.md): Designed as a potent JavaScript/TypeScript tool, the UserOpSDK streamlines UserOperations on NERO Chain creation, signing, and transmission. This piece will assist you to use Account Abstraction capab
- [Configuring Policies](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/developer-tools/aa-platform/configuring-policies.md): Policies determine how your application handles transaction fees for users. There are four main configurations to consider:
- [EntryPoint Error Codes Documentation](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/developer-tools/aa-platform/entrypoint-error-codes.md): This document provides a comprehensive reference for all error codes used in the EntryPoint contract. Error codes follow the pattern `AAmn`, where:
- [Getting Started with the AA Platform](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/developer-tools/aa-platform/getting-started.md): The AA Platform is available at [https://aa-platform.nerochain.io](https://aa-platform.nerochain.io). You'll need to:
- [Integration and Best Practices](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/developer-tools/aa-platform/integration-and-best-practices.md): Once you've configured your API keys and strategies, integrate them into your application:
- [Managing API Keys](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/developer-tools/aa-platform/managing-api-keys.md): API keys are essential for authenticating your applications with the Paymaster service.
- [Payment Management](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/developer-tools/aa-platform/payment-management.md): ### Remaining Request - Displays the number of remaining requests that Paymaster can process. - To increase the number of requests, please contact NERO.
- [Callback Function](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/developer-tools/aa-platform/spacify-callback.md): The NERO AA Platform provides a custom callback function for Paymaster (gas fee sponsorship) decisions. This allows project developers to control free gas fee sponsorship based on their own business l
- [Troubleshooting](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/developer-tools/aa-platform/troubleshooting.md): - **API Key Rate Limiting**: If you're seeing rate limit errors, check your key's usage patterns and consider increasing limits. - **Strategy Rejection**: If transactions are being rejected, verify th
- [Using the NERO Wallet Web App](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/developer-tools/aa-wallet-ui-usage.md): Coming soon, NERO Chain will offer the NEROWallet, that is already present on our Testnet Website. Below we have the steps for using it given the operations available on a client.
- [Network Informations](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/developer-tools/accessEntryPoint.md): | Parameter | Value | | :-------------- | :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Network Name | NERO Chain Mainnet | | RPC Endpoint | https://rpc.n
- [Best Practices](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/developer-tools/paymaster-api/best-practices.md): ## 1. Make use of UserOpSDK. The SDK manages much of the complexity involved in interacting with the Paymaster API and UserOperations. Retries and built-in error handling help to greatly simplify inte
- [Core JSON-RPC Methods](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/developer-tools/paymaster-api/core-methods.md): The Paymaster API uses JSON-RPC, which is the standard for communicating with Ethereum-compatible nodes. Below are the key methods available:
- [Error Handling](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/developer-tools/paymaster-api/error-handling.md): Proper error handling is essential when integrating with the Paymaster API. This section covers common errors you may encounter and best practices for a robust implementation.
- [Payment Types](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/developer-tools/paymaster-api/payment-types.md): The Paymaster supports three payment types that provide flexibility in how gas fees are handled. Each type offers different benefits and trade-offs.
- [Advanced Usage](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/developer-tools/user-op-sdk/advanced-usage.md): This section covers advanced customization options for your UserOperations.
- [Installation and Basic Usage](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/developer-tools/user-op-sdk/basic-usage.md): You can install the UserOpSDK directly from GitHub:
- [Best Practices](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/developer-tools/user-op-sdk/best-practices.md): Follow these best practices to optimize your use of the UserOpSDK in production applications.
- [Creating UserOperations](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/developer-tools/user-op-sdk/creating-user-operations.md): This part walks over how to use the SDK to produce various kinds of UserOperations.
- [Error Handling](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/developer-tools/user-op-sdk/error-handling.md): The UserOpSDK may return various errors during operation. This section covers common errors and how to handle them.
- [Paymaster Integration](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/developer-tools/user-op-sdk/paymaster-integration.md): The Paymaster service allows for flexible gas payment options for UserOperations.
- [Sending UserOperations](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/developer-tools/user-op-sdk/sending-user-operations.md): Once your UserOperation is configured, you can send it to the network. This section covers the process of sending operations and handling the results.
- [Working with AA Wallets](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/developer-tools/user-op-sdk/working-with-wallets.md): Account Abstraction wallets are deterministically generated for each EOA wallet. This section covers how to work with these AA wallets.

## Cookbook

- [NERO Chain Cookbook](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/tutorials.md): Welcome to the NERO Chain Cookbook – your collection of practical, ready-to-use recipes for building on NERO Chain. Each recipe is designed to solve specific development challenges with copy-pastable 
- [Deploying and Verifying Smart Contracts on NERO Chain](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/tutorials/first-contract/using-hardhat.md): This tutorial explains how to create, compile, deploy, and verify a simple smart contract on the NERO modular chain Testnet using Hardhat.
- [Deploying Your First Contract on NERO Chain Using Remix](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/tutorials/first-contract/using-remix.md): This tutorial will guide you through the process of creating and deploying a smart contract on NERO Chain using the Remix IDE. Remix is a popular, browser-based development environment that requires n
- [Verifying Smart Contracts through the NERO Explorer](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/tutorials/first-contract/verifyExplorer.md): This guide walks you through the process of verifying your smart contract on the NERO Chain Testnet using the block explorer interface. Contract verification makes your source code publicly viewable a
- [Quick Building Blocks](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/tutorials/high-level/building-blocks.md): This guide explains the design choices and implementation details behind our NERO Wallet dApp enhancements om the next section. It serves as both a tutorial and an explanation of account abstraction c
- [From Template to dApp: Adding NFT & Token Features to NERO Wallet Template](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/tutorials/high-level/high-level-quickstart.md): This tutorial will guide you through the process of enhancing the NERO Wallet template with NFT minting, token creation, and an NFT gallery. At the end of it, you should have a similar result like bel
- [Integrating Account Abstraction Wallets in React](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/tutorials/low-level/aa-wallet-integration.md): This tutorial shows how to integrate Account Abstraction (AA) wallet creation and management into a React application using the NERO Chain AA platform.
- [Simple Token Selection for NERO Chain Transactions](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/tutorials/low-level/checking-sup-tokens.md): This tutorial explains how to implement a simple token selection UI for NERO Chain transactions, using NFT minting as our example operation.
- [Creating Your First dApp on NERO Chain](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/tutorials/low-level/create-first-dapp.md): This recipe will guide you through building your first decentralized application (dApp) on NERO Chain using Account Abstraction. You'll create a simple NFT minting application that allows users to min
- [How to Send Operations with the NERO Chain Paymaster API](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/tutorials/low-level/sending-ops.md): This tutorial explains how to execute transactions using the NERO Chain Paymaster API, focusing on sponsored gas transactions through Account Abstraction.
- [Payment Methods for NERO Chain Transactions](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/tutorials/low-level/types-payments.md): This tutorial explains how to implement different payment methods for transaction gas fees using the NERO Chain Paymaster, focusing on ERC20 token payments as alternatives to sponsored transactions.

## Node Validators

- [Command-line Options](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/node-validators/commandLineOptions.md): Geth is primarily controlled using the command line. Geth is started using the geth command. It is stopped by pressing ctrl-c.
- [Compile, Run and Deploy](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/node-validators/compileAndRun.md): This guide walks you through compiling and running NERO.
- [JSON-RPC](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/node-validators/jsonRpc.md): NERO Chain provides all JSON-RPC API methods listed on [Ethereum](https://ethereum.org/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc#json-rpc-methods).
- [Overview](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/node-validators/overview.md): | Item | Value | | :-------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | Gas token(Native tok
- [Validators](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/node-validators/runningValidatorNode.md): NERO chain relies on a system of multiple validators with a hybrid randomized DPoSA (Delegated Proof of Stake Authority) consensus that can support short block time and lower fees. The most bonded val
- [System Contracts](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/node-validators/systemContract.md): The Nero blockchain validator system consists of two main components: the `Validator` contract and the `Staking` contract. Each validator has its own `Validator` contract instance, while the `Staking`

## Overview

- [Welcome to the NERO Chain Docs](https://docs.nerochain.io/en.md): Welcome to the definitive reference for all things NERO Chain technology, ecosystem, and development. Whether you're a developer building applications, an operator running nodes, a researcher explorin
- [Agent Authentication Guide](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/agent-auth.md): A concise, programmatic-first guide to authenticating AI agents against the NERO Paymaster JSON-RPC API. If you're coming from the OpenAPI spec at [/openapi.yaml](https://docs.nerochain.io/openapi.yam
- [AI Resources](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/ai-resources.md): NERO Chain documentation is published in machine-readable form for AI agents, retrieval systems, and LLM-powered developer tools. Connect a coding agent to the NERO Docs MCP server or download the bun
- [Frequently Asked Questions](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/faq.md): This FAQ answers common challenges, pitfalls, and questions that developers may have when building on NERO Chain.
- [Status](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/status.md): Operational status for NERO Chain public services.
- [Support & Resources](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/supports.md): Get help and connect with the NERO Chain community through these official channels:

## Optional

- [Full documentation corpus](https://docs.nerochain.io/llms-full.txt)
- [JSON site index](https://docs.nerochain.io/site-index.json)
- [Paymaster OpenAPI (YAML)](https://docs.nerochain.io/specs/paymaster-openapi.yaml)
- [Paymaster OpenAPI (JSON)](https://docs.nerochain.io/specs/paymaster-openapi.json)
- [AI resources hub](https://docs.nerochain.io/en/ai-resources)